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Therefore, the vaccination site requires special care to prevent the virus from spreading.ĪCAM2000® is administered as a single dose by the percutaneous route using the multiple puncture technique. The risk of side effects in household contacts is the same as those for the vaccine recipient. Replication-competent smallpox vaccine consists of a live, infectious vaccinia virus that can be transmitted from the vaccine recipient to unvaccinated persons who have close contact with the inoculation site, or with exudate from the site. In certain groups of people, particularly those who are immunocompromised, complications from the vaccinia virus can be severe. The vaccinia virus may cause rash, fever, and head and body aches. It contains vaccinia virus, which belongs to the poxvirus family, genus Orthopoxvirus. The vaccine does not contain variola virus and cannot cause smallpox.
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed ACAM2000®, (Smallpox Vaccine, Live), a replication-competent vaccine, for active immunization against smallpox disease in persons determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. Aventis Pasteur Smallpox Vaccine (APSV) is an investigational vaccine that may be used in a smallpox emergency under the appropriate regulatory mechanism (i.e., Investigational New Drug application or Emergency Use Authorization ).ACAM2000® and JYNNEOS TM (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex) are the only two licensed smallpox vaccines in the United States.The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) has three smallpox vaccines: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Drug Services provides smallpox vaccine to these recommended individuals as needed.
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However, for specific populations at high risk of occupational exposure to orthopoxviruses, the 2015 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine vaccination against the disease. Routine vaccination against smallpox in the United States ended in the 1970s.